1. India - Relief Features :Keypoints

  1. India -  Relief Features: Key points

v  👉 India’s main land lies between 8⁰.4’ N and 37⁰.6’ N latitudes and 68⁰.7’ E and 97⁰.25’ E longitudes

v  👉 82⁰.30’ E longitude ( Indian Standard Meridian) passes near Allahabad

v  👉 Indian Standard Time (IST) is 5 ½ hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

v  👉 Tropic of Cancer (23⁰.30’ NL) passes through middle of the country

v  👉 The Indian peninsula was part of Gondwana land.

v  👉 Himalayan Mountains were formed by the Indian plate pushes the Eurasian plate

v  👉 The Himalayan ranges run in the west – east direction in the form of an arch with distance of about 2,400 kms.

v  👉 The northern most range is known as Greater Himalayas or Himadri

v  👉 Greater Himalayas are composed of snow and ice.

v  👉 The Pir Panjal, the Dhaola Dhar, the Mussoorie Range, the Naga Tiba and Mahabharata lekh are some of the important ranges of the Middle Himalayas.

v  👉 Majority of Himalayan resorts like Simla, Mussoorie, Ranikhet, Nainital, Almora and Darjeeling etc. are located in the Middle Himalayas.

v  👉The Shivalik range is known as Outer Himlayas

v  👉 Eastern divisions of the Himalays are known as “Purvanchal”

v  👉 Patkai hills, the Naga hills, Manipuri hills, Khasi and Mizo hills are part of Purvanchal

v  👉 The Indo – Gangetic Plain was formed by interaction of the three Himalayan rivers Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries.

v  👉 The central part of Indo – Gangetic plain (Ganga Plain) extends from the river Ghaggar to Teesta.

v  👉 River Brahmaputra is mainly responsible for formation of eastern part of Indo – Gangetic Plain.

v  👉 The Indian plateau is also known as the peninsular plateau as it is surrounded by the sea on three sides.

v  👉 Large amount of metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources are found in the Indian Plateau.

v  👉 The peninsular plateau consists of two divisions – 1. The Central Highlands 2. The Deccan Plateau.

v  👉 Malwa plateau and chotanagapur plateau are part of Central Highlands.

v  👉 Chotanagapur plateau is rich in mineral resources.

v  👉 The portions of peninsular plateau lying to the south of Narmada, a triangular land mass, is called Deccan Plateau.

v  👉 The Western Ghats lie parallel to the West Coast.

v  👉 Near Gudaluru, the Nilgiris join the Western Ghats.

v  👉 The famous hill station Udakamandalam ( Ooty ) is located in Nilgiris.

v  👉 Western Ghats include the Palani (Tamilnadu), Annamalai and Cardamom hills (Kerala).

v  👉 Anaimudi is the highest peak in South India.

v  👉 The Eastern Ghats extend from Mahanadi valley in the north to Nilgiris in the south.

v  👉 The highest peak in Eastern Ghats is Aromakonda found at chintapalli (AP).

v  👉 One of the remarkable features of the peninsular plateau is black soils formed due to volcanic activity.

v  👉 The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis and receives very little rainfall.

v  👉 Luni is the only river in the Thar Desert.

v  👉 Western Coast starts from the Rann of Kutch and ends at Kanyakumari.

v  👉 Western Coast can be divided into Konkan coast ( Maharastra, Goa), Canara coast ( Karnataka), Malabar coast (Kerala).

v  👉 Eastern Coast stretches from Mahanadi in Odisha to Cauvery delta in Tamilnadu.

v  👉 Eastern coast can be divided into Utkal coast (Odisha), Circar coast ( Andhra Pradesh ), Coramandal coast ( Tamil Nadu).

v  👉 Lakes like Chilka in Odisha and Kolleru and Pulicat in Andhra Pradesh are other important features of the coastal plain.

v  👉 There are two groups of Islands: 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Bay of Bengal) 2. Lakshadweep Islands (Arabian Sea).

v  👉 Narkondam and Bay of Bengal islands are of volcanic origin.

v  👉 The Southernmost tip of India is found in Nicobar island and called as Indira Point.

v  👉 Lakshadweep Islands are coral origin.