Total Fertility Rate Graph Analysis (10th Class)

 What is the graph about? 

➢ The above graph shows Fertility Rate in India, 1961 – 2011. 

➢ The total fertility rate is a measure that represents the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime. 

 ➢ It is a crucial indicator for understanding population dynamics and demographic trends. 

2. Data (very short)

• 1961 – 5.9

• 1971 – 5.4

• 1981 – 4.6

• 1991 – 3.8

• 2001 – 3.1

• 2011 – 2.7

 Data Analysis:

 ➢ Over the past few decades, India has witnessed a significant decline in its total fertility rate. 

➢ In 1961, the Total Fertility Rate was 5.9, which indicates that on an average each woman was likely to bear five or six children. But number of children who survived was uncertain. 

➢ Present (2011) Fertility Rate in India is 2.7 

➢ In combined Andhra Pradesh Fertility Rate is 1.9. 

➢ Several socioeconomic factors contribute to the declining fertility rate in India. 

Increased urbanization, improved access to education, especially for women, and economic development have led to changing social norms, delayed marriages, and a desire for smaller families. ➢ It also effects the population change 

Conclusion/Suggestions

  Continue promoting family planning.

  Improve women’s education and health.

  Encourage awareness on the benefits of small families.

Growth of Population in India from1901 to 2011 (Graph Analysis)

 1. What is the graph about?

The graph shows India’s population (in millions) from 1901 to 2011.

It explains how the population has increased over different census years.

2. Data (very short)

1901: 238 million

1951: 361 million

1981: 683 million

2011: 1210 million

(Population keeps increasing every decade except 1921.)

3. Analysis of data

Population increased slowly from 1901 to 1941.

After 1951, population increased very fast.

It crossed 1 billion in 2001.

By 2011, it reached 1210 million, showing rapid growth.

4. Findings

India’s population shows a steady and continuous rise over 110 years.

After 1951, the population growth became very high due to improvements in health care, reduced death rates, and longer life expectancy.

Only in 1921, the population decreased slightly.

5. Conclusion / Suggestions

Fast population growth puts pressure on resources, food, jobs, education, and health services.

Suggestions: Promote small families, family planning, and awareness to control population growth.

Sex Ratio Graph Analysis (10th Class)

 1. What is the graph about?

The graph shows the sex ratio of India from 1951 to 2011.

 Sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males in the population.

2. Data (as per the graph)

Year Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males)

1951 946

1961 941

1971 930

1981 934

1991 929

2001 933

2011 940

3. Analysis of the Data

In 1951, the sex ratio was 946, the highest in the given period.

There is a continuous decline from 1951 (946) to 1971 (930).

In 1981, the sex ratio improved slightly to 934.

Again, it reduced to 929 in 1991, the lowest point.

From 1991 to 2011, the sex ratio shows steady improvement, reaching 940 in 2011.

Overall, the sex ratio fluctuated, with a declining trend till 1991 and a positive improving trend after 1991.

4. Findings / Conclusion / Suggestions

Findings

India struggled with a low sex ratio for many decades.

Social factors like preference for male children and lack of women’s health care may have caused the decline.

Recent decades show an improving trend, indicating better awareness and government efforts.

Conclusion / Suggestions

Although the sex ratio improved to 940 in 2011, it is still below the natural balance (close to 1000).

More efforts are needed to ensure gender equality.

Strengthen laws against female foeticide and infanticide.

Improve health facilities for women and girls.

Promote education and awareness about gender equality.

Encourage schemes like Beti Bachao – Beti Padhao.

Empower women through employment and social protection.